Root canal therapy, also known as endodontic treatment, is a dental procedure aimed at saving a tooth that has become infected or severely damaged due to decay, trauma, or other factors. The procedure is necessary when the soft tissue inside the tooth, called the pulp, becomes inflamed or infected, leading to symptoms such as severe toothache, sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, swelling, and tenderness in the gums.
During a root canal procedure, the dentist or endodontist begins by numbing the affected tooth and surrounding area with local anesthesia to ensure the patient's comfort throughout the treatment. Next, they create an access opening in the crown of the tooth to reach the infected or damaged pulp chamber and root canals.
Using specialized instruments, the dentist carefully removes the infected or damaged pulp tissue from the tooth's interior. They also clean and disinfect the root canals to remove any bacteria and debris, preventing further infection. In some cases, the dentist may also place medication inside the tooth to help eliminate any remaining bacteria and reduce inflammation.
Once the root canals are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, the dentist fills them with a biocompatible material, usually a rubber-like substance called gutta-percha, to seal the canals and prevent recontamination. This step helps to restore the tooth's strength and structure.
After filling the root canals, the dentist seals the access opening in the tooth with a temporary or permanent filling material to prevent bacteria from entering and causing reinfection. In some cases, a dental crown may be recommended to provide additional protection and support for the restored tooth, especially if it is extensively decayed or weakened.
Following a root canal procedure, patients may experience some mild discomfort or sensitivity, which can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers and should subside within a few days. With proper care and oral hygiene, a tooth that has undergone root canal therapy can last a lifetime, allowing patients to maintain their natural smile and bite function.
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